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Currently only NOAA satellites 15, 18 and 19 are operational, their frequencies are shown below.Īn example of a NOAA APT weather satellite signal is shown zoomed in and out on the frequency spectrum directly below and an example audio file of the signal is shown further below. Each satellite has a different frequency. These signals appear at around ~137 MHz, and only when a satellite is passing overhead. The NOAA satellites only pass overhead at certain times of the day, broadcasting a signal. Although not designed for satellite reception, you may also see limited success with other antennas such as quarter wave ground planes and discones, but you will probably discover that the signal will fade in and out. Yagi antennas can also work, but since they are so directional you will need to carefully track the satellite by hand, or by using a rotor controller.
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It is basically four dipoles arranged in a certain way to produce circular polarization.Ī good guide on DCA antennas, and constructing them can be found in this pdf guide by Gerald Martes (KD6JDJ). Also, a good calculator for determining QFH antenna dimensions for 137 MHz can be found here.Īnother antenna that works well with the NOAA APT satellites is the double cross antenna (DCA). Another home brew QFH antenna constructed out of copper wire is here. If you are into antenna theory, a good technical paper on the QFH (called QHA in the paper) can be found here.Ī tutorial on building a QFH out of coax cable and PVC pipe can be found here. Most people report that the QFH antenna has slightly superior reception compared to the turnstile. For satellite reception we want it in axial mode.Ī page showing a turnstile antenna for 137 MHz is here.Ī Quadrifilar Helix (QFH) is a circularly polarized antenna that can be constructed out of PVC pipe and coax cable. It can be built in two modes, normal and axial. Turnstile AntennaĪ turnstile antenna is a circularly polarized antenna. Three options for easy home made circularly polarized satellite antennas are presented below. Satellite antennas are also designed to receive best from signals coming from the sky. This is because as the satellites broadcast their signal, they also rotate, rotating the signal polarization. The NOAA APT weather satellites broadcast their signal at about 137 MHz, and their signals are also right hand circularly polarized (RHCP), which means you will need a right hand circularly polarized antenna to properly receive the signals. To set this in Windows, right click your device in the Windows sound recording tab, go to properties and under the advanced tab, set the sample rate to 48000 Hz. Do the same to the same device under the Playback tab as well. The sampling rate of your audio piping method should be set to at least 48000 samples/sec.
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You can use either windows stereo mix, VB-cable (free) or virtual audio cable (paid with trial version). Audio piping will allow the audio from SDRSharp to be passed to a decoding program. You will also need to have an audio piping method installed and set up. If you have not bought a dongle yet, see the Buy RTL-SDR page for information and the check out the Quickstart Guide for an easy setup routine with SDRSharp. We will assume you have the RTL-SDR dongle set up and working already.
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Software such as WXtoImg for decoding the APT signal.A right hand circularly polarized antenna tuned to 137 MHz.A RTL-SDR dongle working with SDRSharp.To set up a NOAA weather satellite receive station you will need: YouTube user GaitUutLiern shows an example of receiving NOAA satellite weather images with a RTL-SDR, SDRSharp, a decoding program called WXtoImg and a QFH antenna. Also, an alternative tutorial for decoding NOAA satellites that uses rtl_fm can be found here. Note that if you have success with this tutorial, you may also be interested in decoding Meteor M N2 weather satellites which provide much higher resolution images. Hardware radio scanners can also work, provided the radio has a large IF bandwidth (30 kHz +) and a discriminator tap.
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This tutorial will show you how to set up a NOAA weather satellite receiving station, which will allow you to gather several live weather satellite images each day. Most parts of this tutorial are also applicable to other software radios, such as the Funcube dongle and HackRF and Airspy, but the RTL-SDR is the cheapest option.
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The RTL-SDR dongle combined with a good antenna, SDRSharp and a decoding program can be used to download and display these live images several times a day. Each NOAA weather satellite broadcasts an Automatic Picture Transmission (APT) signal, which contains a live weather image of your area. Everyday multiple NOAA weather satellites pass above you.